Overview:
chronic and progressive autoimmune disorder
immune system —attack —> myelin (covers nerve fibers) —> communication problems between the brain and rest of the body
Most common: RRMS
Symptoms:
Movement
Vision problem
Slurred speech, dizziness...
Causes: unknown
Diagnosis:
differential diagnosis (ruling out other conditions might produce similar signs and symptoms), blood tests, spinal tap, MRI, evoked potential tests
Treatment: no cure
For MS attacks:
Corticosteroids 皮质类固醇: oral prednisone and intravenous methylprednisolone, are prescribed to reduce nerve inflammation
Plasma exchange (plasmapheresis): remove antibodies
To Modify progression:
Disease-modifying therapy (DMT):
DMT Drugs
| Drug | Type | MS Type |
|---|---|---|
| Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus) | infusion | PPMSRRMS |
| Interferon beta medications | injection | RRMS |
| Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone, Glatopa) | injection | RRMS |
| Fingolimod (Gilenya) | oral | RRMS |
| Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) | oral | RRMS |
| Diroximel fumarate (Vumerity) | oral | RRMS |
| Teriflunomide (Aubagio) | oral | RRMS |
| Siponimod (Mayzent) | oral | RRMSSPMS |
| Cladribine (Mavenclad) | oral | RRMSSPMS |
| Natalizumab (Tysabri) | infusion | RRMS |
| Alemtuzumab (Campath, Lemtrada) | infusion | RRMS |